Article 169 empowers Parliament to create or abolish the Legislative Council of a state by law. Uttar Pradesh is among the few states with a bicameral legislature. Any change requires a resolution passed by the state assembly.

Goods and Services Tax is a dual tax shared by Centre and State.

National database for unorganised workers for future benefits.

: Provides bank loans from ₹10 lakh to ₹1 crore for entrepreneurship.

PMAY aims to provide affordable housing to the urban and rural poor.

UP has a bicameral legislature; its upper house (Legislative Council) has a sanctioned strength of 100 members. Members are elected through various methods—MLAs, local authorities, teachers, graduates, and nominated. It functions as a revising chamber like the Rajya Sabha.

The Governor is appointed by the President under Article 155 of the Constitution. He acts as the constitutional head of the state. The appointment is generally based on advice from the Union Council of Ministers.

Uttar Pradesh sends 31 members to the Rajya Sabha, the highest among all Indian states. Rajya Sabha members are elected by MLAs through proportional representation. This reflects UP's large population and legislative size.

As per Article 173 of the Indian Constitution, the minimum age to become an MLA and thereby eligible for CM is 25. There is no separate provision for CM; he/she must be a member of the state legislature. Eligibility includes Indian citizenship and no disqualifications.

Govind Ballabh Pant served as the first CM of Uttar Pradesh from 1950 to 1954. He played a major role in shaping UP’s early administrative framework post-independence. Pant was also an active participant in India’s freedom movement.

The UP Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) has 403 elected members, making it the largest state assembly in India. It represents constituencies across the entire state. This number was fixed under the Delimitation Act, 2008.

A deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other. This creates a circular dependency, halting progress. Operating systems use algorithms to prevent or detect deadlocks.

von Neumann architecture stores both data and program instructions in the same memory. This design is simple but suffers from the "von Neumann bottleneck." It's used in most general-purpose computers.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to send emails from the client to the mail server or between servers. POP3 and IMAP are used for retrieving emails. SMTP typically works on port 25 or 587.

Shortest Job First (SJF) in its non-preemptive form executes the shortest job next without interruption. Unlike Round Robin or Priority, it doesn't allow switching between tasks once started. This algorithm reduces average waiting time but may cause starvation.

A majority of UP’s population still depends on agriculture for livelihood. This highlights the importance of agri-reforms and farm support policies. Diversification and mechanization are key for increasing rural incomes

After the introduction of GST, it has become the major source of revenue for UP. It covers taxes on goods and services sold within the state. UP also receives compensation and shares from the central pool.

The corridor aims to make UP a hub for defence production under the “Make in India” initiative. It spans districts like Aligarh, Jhansi, and Chitrakoot. It’s projected to attract ₹20,000 crore in investments.

Pulses dominate agriculture in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, but frequent monsoon failure leads to economic distress. Low productivity and irrigation deficiency are major challenges. Government schemes now aim to provide crop insurance and micro-irrigation.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is operational in all UP districts. It guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households. The scheme is vital in addressing rural underemployment and poverty.

Moradabad is called the "Brass City of India" and exports brassware to Europe, USA, and the Gulf. It is a major contributor to the state's handicraft exports. The city benefits from ODOP and industrial cluster schemes.

Tube wells are the primary irrigation source in UP due to extensive groundwater availability. This method is used especially in the fertile western regions. However, overuse is leading to water table depletion

Launched in 2018, the ODOP scheme identifies a unique traditional product per district to enhance local industries and exports. This scheme has boosted handicrafts, agro-products, and MSMEs across UP. It aligns with the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative.

Uttar Pradesh has the second-largest GSDP in India after Maharashtra. Despite a lower per capita income, its massive population size drives the economic volume. UP’s GSDP crossed ₹20 lakh crore recently.

Kanpur is known as the "Manchester of the East" for its strong leather and textile industries. Its leather exports contribute significantly to UP’s foreign exchange earnings. The city also houses a major leather cluster supported by government initiatives.

Western UP, with fertile soil and good irrigation, is ideal for sugarcane cultivation. The region has the highest concentration of sugar mills in India. This crop is central to the rural economy and agro-industry in UP.

In recent years, the services sector, including trade, finance, education, and transport, has become the highest contributor to UP's GSDP. It reflects the state’s gradual shift from agriculture-based economy to a diversified one. This structural change indicates growing urbanization and development.