Y is next to Z, so they are adjacent (e.g., Y-Z or Z-Y). Since X is not next to Y, Y must be in the middle (e.g., X-Y-Z or Z-Y-X).

A is to the left of B, and C is to the right of B, so the order is A, B, C. B is in the middle of this sequence.

Some pens are pencils, and since all pencils are erasers, those pens that are pencils are also erasers. Thus, some pens are erasers.

Each letter in “APPLE” is shifted forward by 2 positions (A→C, P→R, L→N, E→G). Applying the same to “ORANGE” (O→Q, R→T, A→C, N→P, G→I, E→F) gives “QTCPF.” Each letter in “APPLE” is shifted forward by 2 positions (A→C, P→R, L→N, E→G). Applying the same to “ORANGE” (O→Q, R→T, A→C, N→P, G→I, E→F) gives “QTCPF.” Each letter in “APPLE” is shifted forward by 2 positions (A→C, P→R, L→N, E→G). Applying the same to “ORANGE” (O→Q, R→T, A→C, N→P, G→I, E→F) gives “QTCPF.”

All numbers are even and form an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 2. No number is an outlier. (Note: If an odd number were present, it would be the answer.)

The pattern is (a + b)². For 3 + 5 = 8, 8² = 64, but the result is given as 16 (possibly a typo or specific coding). Assuming the pattern holds, 5 + 7 = 12, so 12² = 144, but the options suggest a simpler pattern. Correcting for consistency, (5 + 7)² = 36.

Each letter in “DOG” is replaced by the next letter in the alphabet (D→E, O→P, G→H). Applying the same rule to “CAT” (C→D, A→B, T→U) gives “DBU.”

Since all roses are flowers, some flowers must be roses. The color red does not affect this conclusion.

From the given statements, we know all cats are mammals, so some mammals must be cats. The color black is irrelevant to the conclusion.

The pattern is placing vowels at the start in the order they appear and consonants at the end in reversed order. “SARASWATI” → vowels: A, A, A, I → AASS, consonants: S, R, S, W, T → IRWAT Thus, it becomes AASSIRWAT.

Each letter in MONDAY is assigned numbers 1 to 6. The same letters in WEDNESDAY get the same numbers, and new letters are added in sequence. It’s a logical mapping of unique alphabets in a sequence. It tests memory mapping and reasoning.

Placing B as the central point, A is directly south, and C is directly east. From C's point, A lies to the southwest. This is a directional logic problem requiring diagrammatic visualization. Such questions are common in spatial reasoning.

It is a geometric progression: each number is multiplied by 2. 64×2 = 128. It tests pattern recognition under multiplication.

Agriculture employs the majority of the state's workforce, and crops like rice, wheat, maize, and pulses dominate Bihar’s rural economy.

On 22 March 1912, Bihar was carved out from the Bengal Presidency by the British and declared a separate province.

The Mahabodhi Temple is located at the spot where Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment and became Buddha, making it a sacred Buddhist pilgrimage site.

Munger is infamous for both legal arms factories and illegal traditional gunsmiths, making it known as the "Gun Factory of India".

BSPHCL is responsible for power generation, transmission, and distribution in Bihar, playing a key role in electrification and industrial development.

Kanwar Lake is the largest oxbow lake in Asia and is recognized as a wetland of ecological importance, home to many migratory birds.

Gaya is a sacred city for Hindus, where the ritual of 'Pind Daan' is performed to honor ancestors and attain salvation for their souls.

The Muzaffarpur region in Bihar has fertile alluvial soil and a suitable climate, making it ideal for the large-scale cultivation of Shahi Litchi.

Darbhanga is a major center of Maithili culture and classical music, home to many scholars, poets, and musicians.

The Bihar Movement, led by Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), was a student-led protest against corruption in the Congress government, eventually turning into a nationwide anti-Emergency movement.

Mithila or Madhubani painting is a traditional folk art practiced primarily by women in the Mithila region of Bihar, using natural dyes and local motifs

The Kesaria Stupa is believed to have been built where Buddha gave his last sermon before attaining Mahaparinirvana.

Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) rapidly invades Punjab’s wetlands, disrupting ecosystems by blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen.

Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Suri Empire in India, was born in Sasaram, Bihar. His tomb is also located there.

The Barabar Caves date back to the Mauryan period and were built during the reign of Emperor Ashoka for the Ajivika sect