This act provides legal provisions for the functioning of Nagar Nigams and municipalities in UP. It outlines powers, responsibilities, taxation, and structure. It was amended in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment.

As per the 73rd Amendment and Panchayati Raj Act, Zila Panchayats have a fixed term of 5 years. They manage rural development at the district level. Members are elected through direct elections by voters.

The UP Lokayukta Act was enacted in 1973 to investigate corruption allegations against public servants and ministers. It functions independently of the government. The Lokayukta is appointed by the Governor in consultation with a committee.

The Delimitation Commission periodically redraws constituency boundaries based on the latest census. It ensures equal representation to growing populations. The last delimitation was done in 2008, freezing changes until 2026.

Allahabad High Court is the highest judicial body in Uttar Pradesh and one of the oldest in India. It has a principal bench in Prayagraj and a permanent bench in Lucknow. It deals with constitutional and civil matters.

The Election Commission of India (ECI), under Article 324, is responsible for conducting assembly and parliamentary elections. State Election Commissions handle local body polls. The ECI ensures free and fair elections across India.

The Governor is the ex-officio authority of both houses and can summon, prorogue, or dissolve the Legislative Assembly. He addresses the joint session at the beginning of a new legislative year. He does not preside but has overriding constitutional powers.

Article 169 empowers Parliament to create or abolish the Legislative Council of a state by law. Uttar Pradesh is among the few states with a bicameral legislature. Any change requires a resolution passed by the state assembly.

Direct tax is paid directly by individuals to the government.

Black money is earned through illegal or unreported means.

Itanagar has been the capital of Arunachal Pradesh since 1974.

Budget deficit = government spends more than it earns.

The Reserve Bank of India controls inflation, interest rates, and money supply.

Tertiary sector includes services like banking, transport, education, etc.

Economics deals with efficient allocation of limited resources to meet human wants.

The Bullet Baba shrine in Jodhpur is revered, especially by locals of the Bhil community.

Chand Baori, one of the deepest and oldest stepwells, is located in Abhaneri village near Dausa.

Marwari is widely spoken in the Marwar region, especially around Jodhpur.