Wajid Ali Shah was the last Nawab of Awadh before the British annexed it in 1856. His removal was one of the causes of the 1857 uprising. He was later exiled to Calcutta

BHU was founded in 1916 in Varanasi by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. The university aimed to blend traditional Hindu education with modern learning. It is one of India's premier universities today.

The Allahabad Fort was constructed by Akbar in 1583 at the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. It was strategically important and featured impressive architecture. It stands as a Mughal-era monument in modern Prayagraj.

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, is a symbol of resistance in Indian history. She fought valiantly against British forces during the 1857 rebellion. Jhansi, now in Uttar Pradesh, was her stronghold.

The 1857 revolt, which began in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, marked the first large-scale uprising against British rule. It was led by sepoys and supported by local rulers. This revolt played a foundational role in India's freedom movement.

Govind Ballabh Pant served as the first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1950 to 1954. He played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement and in shaping the state's early governance.

The Battle of Buxar, a decisive conflict between the British East India Company and Indian rulers, took place near Ghazipur. The British victory solidified their control over Bengal and parts of Uttar Pradesh.

Ayodhya, situated on the banks of the Sarayu River, is revered in Hinduism as the birthplace of Lord Rama. It holds immense religious significance and is a major pilgrimage site.

Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur promoted education and reservation for backward castes.

He received the Jnanpith in 1974 for his novel “Yayati.”

Chandragupta I established the Gupta Empire around 320 CE, with its initial base in the region corresponding to modern-day Uttar Pradesh. His reign marked the beginning of a golden age in Indian history, characterized by significant advancements in arts and sciences.

After a succession conflict, Tarabai played a key role in forming the Kolhapur line of Marathas.

Alamgirpur, located in Meerut district, is the easternmost site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations have revealed pottery and other artifacts linking it to the Harappan culture. This indicates the civilization's extensive reach into present-day Uttar Pradesh

Shivaji created the Ashta Pradhan, a council of eight ministers, for effective administration.

This treaty allowed the British to station troops in Maratha territory, reducing Peshwa's sovereignty.

These taxes were levied by Shivaji Maharaj on conquered territories to fund his administration and military.

The Yamuna River causes deep ravines and gullies in southwestern U.P., especially in Agra and Chambal regions. These eroded lands are agriculturally challenging.

Originally known as Gheria, the fort was renamed 'Vijaydurg' by Shivaji Maharaj after conquering it, symbolizing victory.

Hari Narayan Apte is known for pioneering Marathi novels.

Dry Deciduoud Scrub forests are mostly found in Kandi tract with predominant species like khair. Indian rosewood, silk cotton tree, amla, Indian ash tree, Indian mahogany, amaltas, etc.

West Bengal lies to the east of Bihar and affects its climate and monsoon patterns. Moist air from the Bay of Bengal brings rainfall. This influences agriculture and biodiversity.

Munger in Bihar has become a hub for Aloe Vera cultivation. This plant is used in cosmetics and herbal medicine. It grows well in dry, semi-arid climates.

Bihar experiences hot summers with temperatures often soaring up to 45°C. Heatwaves are common and affect public health. Proper hydration and shade become essential during this time.

The Gangetic Dolphin is India’s national aquatic animal and is endangered. It lives in freshwater rivers like the Ganga. Conservation in this sanctuary helps protect its population.

The Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar are rich in alluvial soil. This soil is highly fertile and supports major crops like rice and wheat. It is deposited by rivers such as the Ganga and Kosi.

The Kosi River is called the "Sorrow of Bihar" due to its frequent floods. It changes its course often, leading to widespread displacement and biodiversity loss. Its unpredictable behavior causes major ecological and social impacts.

The Tarai belt, located in the Himalayan foothills, has low elevation but dense vegetation. It is known for marshy land and high rainfall.

Bundelkhand lies on the northern fringe of the Vindhyan Plateau. It features rocky terrain, low rainfall, and mineral deposits.