BHU was founded in 1916 in Varanasi by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. The university aimed to blend traditional Hindu education with modern learning. It is one of India's premier universities today.

The Allahabad Fort was constructed by Akbar in 1583 at the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. It was strategically important and featured impressive architecture. It stands as a Mughal-era monument in modern Prayagraj.

Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, is a symbol of resistance in Indian history. She fought valiantly against British forces during the 1857 rebellion. Jhansi, now in Uttar Pradesh, was her stronghold.

The 1857 revolt, which began in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, marked the first large-scale uprising against British rule. It was led by sepoys and supported by local rulers. This revolt played a foundational role in India's freedom movement.

Govind Ballabh Pant served as the first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1950 to 1954. He played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement and in shaping the state's early governance.

The Battle of Buxar, a decisive conflict between the British East India Company and Indian rulers, took place near Ghazipur. The British victory solidified their control over Bengal and parts of Uttar Pradesh.

Ayodhya, situated on the banks of the Sarayu River, is revered in Hinduism as the birthplace of Lord Rama. It holds immense religious significance and is a major pilgrimage site.

Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur promoted education and reservation for backward castes.

He received the Jnanpith in 1974 for his novel “Yayati.”

Chandragupta I established the Gupta Empire around 320 CE, with its initial base in the region corresponding to modern-day Uttar Pradesh. His reign marked the beginning of a golden age in Indian history, characterized by significant advancements in arts and sciences.

After a succession conflict, Tarabai played a key role in forming the Kolhapur line of Marathas.

Alamgirpur, located in Meerut district, is the easternmost site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Excavations have revealed pottery and other artifacts linking it to the Harappan culture. This indicates the civilization's extensive reach into present-day Uttar Pradesh

Shivaji created the Ashta Pradhan, a council of eight ministers, for effective administration.

This treaty allowed the British to station troops in Maratha territory, reducing Peshwa's sovereignty.

These taxes were levied by Shivaji Maharaj on conquered territories to fund his administration and military.

The Yamuna River causes deep ravines and gullies in southwestern U.P., especially in Agra and Chambal regions. These eroded lands are agriculturally challenging.

Sarojini Babar was an influential politician and writer from Maharashtra and represented women’s voice in politics.

Originally known as Gheria, the fort was renamed 'Vijaydurg' by Shivaji Maharaj after conquering it, symbolizing victory.

Shivaji escaped from Agra by hiding in fruit baskets.

Hari Narayan Apte is known for pioneering Marathi novels.

Punjab Horticulture Department was established in 1979 - 80. It is presently located in Muktsar Sahib. This department developed Aloo-Bukhara Amritsari, which is a new variety of plum that is more sweet than sour, has high nutritive content and is free from stone.

Gram is a rabi crop. It is sown during September-November and harvested in February. It is commonly known as chick pea or Bengal gram. Largest production of gram is in Moga.

Ranjit Sagar Dam is named after Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the renowned ruler of Punjab. This dam is located in a gorge section near village Thein of Jammu and Kashmir and as such it is known as Thein Dam

The Early Stone Age sites are found in the valley of river Soan or Sohan in Punjab (now in Pakistan).

The maximum production of rice is in Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Firozpur, Sangrur and Barnala district. Punjab has given the title of Rice Bowl of India.

Those forests which largely consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes, are known as unclassed forests.

Dry Deciduoud Scrub forests are mostly found in Kandi tract with predominant species like khair. Indian rosewood, silk cotton tree, amla, Indian ash tree, Indian mahogany, amaltas, etc.

West Bengal lies to the east of Bihar and affects its climate and monsoon patterns. Moist air from the Bay of Bengal brings rainfall. This influences agriculture and biodiversity.