Explanation: Each state has a State Election Commission to conduct elections to Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies. The Chief Election Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh is appointed by the Governor under Article 243K. It is a body independent of the Election Commission of India.

Explanation: The Governor addresses the joint session of both Houses (Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad) at the beginning of the first session after each general election and each year. This address outlines the policies and programs of the government. It's a ceremonial but constitutionally significant role.

Explanation: After the formation of Uttarakhand in 2000, the Nainital High Court became the separate High Court for the new state. Currently, the Allahabad High Court has exclusive jurisdiction over UP and has a bench in Lucknow as well. It is one of the oldest high courts in India.

Explanation: The Governor, on the advice of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers, can dissolve the Legislative Assembly before its five-year term. This usually occurs when a government loses majority or early elections are announced. However, such action must comply with constitutional norms.

Explanation: As per the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and constitutional provisions, a candidate must be at least 25 years old to contest the Vidhan Sabha elections. This age requirement ensures a basic level of maturity and civic awareness in state legislators.

As per Article 164 of the Constitution, the Governor administers the oath of office and secrecy to the Chief Minister of the state. In UP, this is followed by the swearing-in of other council ministers. The Governor acts as the nominal head, while the CM holds real executive powers.

In the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh, the Governor nominates 12 members to the Legislative Council. These individuals are nominated for their expertise in literature, science, art, cooperative movement, and social service. The rest are elected through various constituencies.

Sarojini Naidu became the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh (then the United Provinces) in 1947. A prominent freedom fighter and poet, she broke new ground in Indian politics. Her tenure symbolized women's leadership in post-independence governance.

After the delimitation in 2008, the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) was fixed at 403 elected members. An additional member may be nominated from the Anglo-Indian community if needed. This makes it the largest state assembly in India by number of seats.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), mandating their establishment in all states, including Uttar Pradesh. It introduced the three-tier system: Gram Panchayat, Block Samiti, and Zila Parishad. UP enacted its own Panchayati Raj Act in 1994 in compliance.

Article 352 (National), 356 (State), and 360 (Financial) provide for three types of emergencies.

The Supreme Court was established on 26 January 1950, replacing the Federal Court.

The President appoints the PM, usually the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha.

The Preamble describes India’s core constitutional philosophy, including the words added by the 42nd Amendment (1976).

There are 6 Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Constitution after the Right to Property was removed in 1978.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee and played a pivotal role in framing the Constitution.

As per Article 243I, the State Finance Commission reviews financial positions of Panchayats and recommends resource allocation. It ensures fiscal devolution and autonomy at the local level. UP sets up a new commission every five years.

Article 243K deals with elections to the Panchayats and Municipalities and empowers the State Election Commission. The UPSEC conducts local body elections across the state. It is an autonomous body.

The PAC examines the accounts showing the appropriation of funds granted by the assembly. It ensures that public money is spent efficiently. Members are elected every year from among MLAs.

The Speaker is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly from among themselves. He presides over the assembly sessions and maintains decorum. He plays a key role in legislative proceedings and decisions.

Article 165 provides for the appointment of an Advocate General for each state. He is the highest legal officer of the state government. The appointment is made by the Governor.

The Governor is the nominal head of the state and performs duties as per constitutional provisions. Executive powers are exercised in the name of the Governor. He acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.

The CAG submits an annual Audit Report to the Governor of UP, who then lays it before the legislature. It reviews government expenditures and revenue collections. It helps ensure transparency and accountability.

Article 243D of the Indian Constitution provides for reservation of seats for SC/STs and women in every Panchayat. UP implements these reservations in accordance with this provision. It promotes inclusive and participatory rural governance.

The Tenth Schedule, added by the 52nd Amendment Act (1985), lays down provisions related to disqualification of legislators due to defection. This is applicable to both Parliament and State Assemblies. The Speaker decides on disqualification matters.

The UP Human Rights Commission was formed under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It looks into violations of human rights by public servants. The commission can recommend actions but doesn’t have binding powers.

As per the 91st Constitutional Amendment (2003), the total number of ministers in a state cannot exceed 15% of the legislative assembly’s strength. In UP, this limit is around 60 ministers. This provision curbs unnecessary expansion of the cabinet.

This act provides legal provisions for the functioning of Nagar Nigams and municipalities in UP. It outlines powers, responsibilities, taxation, and structure. It was amended in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment.