Ensures each record is unique.

Used to manage relational databases.

Used to manage relational databases.

Interface for software component interaction.

RAID 1 — redundancy through duplication.

Enables running larger programs than physical RAM.

Handles concurrent processes.

Enhances account security (e.g. code + password).

Network security barrier

deceitful emails/websites to steal info.

Protects privacy via secure tunneled connection.

AES — same key for encryption/decryption.

Translates human-friendly names to IPs.

Port 80 — standard web traffic.

End device in network communication.

Reliable, connection-oriented transport protocol.

Seven — layers from physical to application.

Maximum nodes in perfectly balanced tree.

Logarithmic time — halving search space each step.

Hash map — fast lookups.

Explanation: Sucheta Kripalani became the first woman Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1963. She was also the first woman to hold such a post in any Indian state. She played a significant role in the independence movement and in state politics.

Explanation: The Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) of UP has 403 elected members. It is one of the largest state legislatures in India. These members are directly elected through general elections.

Explanation: As per Article 155 of the Constitution, the Governor of a state is appointed by the President. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state. He or she acts on the advice of the state’s Council of Ministers.

Explanation: Uttar Pradesh sends 80 members to the Lok Sabha, the highest among all Indian states. This makes it politically significant in national elections. Its large population is the reason for such high representation.

Explanation: Before the adoption of the Indian Constitution, the region was known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It was renamed Uttar Pradesh on 26 January 1950. This marked its formal inclusion as a state in the Indian Republic.

Explanation: Uttar Pradesh sends the largest number of members to the Rajya Sabha—31—due to its population and Assembly size. These members are elected by the MLAs through a proportional representation system using the single transferable vote. This shows UP’s influence in national politics.

Explanation: Under the Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law), the Speaker of the Assembly is empowered to decide on disqualification of a member. The Speaker’s decision can later be challenged in court. This provision ensures party discipline within the legislature.

UPPSC was constituted on 1st April 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935. It continues under Article 315 of the Constitution. The Commission conducts civil services and other recruitment exams for the state.