Dalhousie’s policy of annexing native states under the pretense of misrule led to the controversial takeover of Awadh, angering both elites and peasants.

Kampilya, a major city of the northern Panchala kingdom during Mahabharata times, is located near present-day Farrukhabad.

Coins and inscriptions suggest that Rajuvula, a Northern Satrap (Indo-Scythian), ruled the Mathura region during the 1st century CE.

The Shatapatha Brahmana mentions Kosala as a prominent region, highlighting its importance in rituals and early political geography.

Baba Gambhirnath played a key role in reviving and modernizing the Nath Panth in Gorakhpur during British rule, promoting spiritual practices and education.

Samudragupta’s Allahabad Pillar inscription is a primary source for Gupta history, depicting his military campaigns and political achievements.

Kashi, meaning ‘the luminous one’, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities and was a prominent center for Vedic rituals and learning.

The Congress-Muslim League agreement, known as the Lucknow Pact, was signed in Lucknow during the 1916 session of the Indian National Congress.

Born in Shahjahanpur, Bismil played a leading role in founding HRA, which later evolved into HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association).

Govindachandra was a powerful Gahadvala ruler whose copper plate inscriptions found in Varanasi and surrounding areas reveal insights into land grants and governance.

Hiuen Tsang recorded Sarayu as flowing past Ayodhya, affirming ancient descriptions from Ramayana.

Wajid Ali Shah was a talented poet, dancer, and playwright, and his cultural patronage was unmatched even though his reign ended with annexation.

Akbar renamed Prayag to Ilahabas, which later became Allahabad under the British.

Akbar built the Allahabad Fort in 1583 at the Sangam confluence, which later played a crucial role in Mughal and British administration

Menander’s silver coins have been discovered in the Ghazipur and Ballia regions, indicating Indo-Greek contact and trade.

Baji Rao I conducted military campaigns in Bundelkhand, aiding Chhatrasal against the Mughals and expanding Maratha influence into UP.

The Eka Movement combined peasant grievances with communal unity in districts like Hardoi and Sitapur, led by Madari Pasi and others.

The Bhitari inscription glorifies Skandagupta’s military achievements, including his campaigns against the Pushyamitras and Hunas.

Vidyarthi was a fearless journalist and freedom fighter from Kanpur who used journalism to expose British atrocities.

The British annexed Awadh in 1856 using the pretext of misgovernance, without any battle, which created deep resentment among locals.

Ayodhya was the capital of the ancient Kosala kingdom and the legendary birthplace of Lord Rama, as described in the Ramayana.

The Gahadavalas, with their capital at Kanauj, were one of the most powerful North Indian dynasties resisting the Ghurid expansion.

Al-Biruni praised Varanasi as a city of great learning and religious importance during the 11th century, especially for Hindu scholarship.

The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty marked the start of the early medieval period in North India, with Kanauj emerging as a major capital.

Ahichhatra, associated with the northern Panchala kingdom, has revealed extensive archaeological remains dating back to the Painted Grey Ware culture.

Chedi was one of the ancient Mahajanapadas, and its capital, Suktimati, is believed to have been in the Bundelkhand region, likely near present-day Banda.

The Vatsa dynasty, with its capital at Kaushambi, was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas and played a major role in early Indian polity.

Atranjikhera in Etah district reveals evidence of Copper Age settlements with well-planned mud houses and painted pottery, indicating an early agrarian society.