The pattern is: multiply previous term by 2 then subtract 1. 7×2–1 = 13, 13×2–1 = 25, 25×2–1 = 49, 49×2–1 = 97, 97×2–1 = 193. Thus, the missing number before 193 is 97.

P is R’s mother, Q is P’s brother → Q is R’s maternal uncle. T is Q’s father, so T is also P’s father, which makes T the grandfather of R. By tracing relations, T → P → R confirms T is a generation above R. This type of question tests family tree reasoning.

The code pattern adds 3 to the ASCII value of each character of the word. For example, A(65)+3 = D(68), L(76)+3 = O(79). This same rule applies to LUCKNOW → OXEKQVT. This type of question requires pattern recognition based on ASCII shifts.

If Kanpur lies 300 km east of Lucknow, and Varanasi is 200 km further east, then total linear eastward distance from Lucknow to Varanasi is 300 + 200 = 500 km. No angular or alternate path is involved, so the shortest path is the sum. This is a straightforward directional distance-based problem.

Each letter in UTTAR is shifted forward with increasing step sizes: U(+1)=V, T(+2)=V, T(+3)=W, A(+4)=E, R(+5)=W. Then reversed → WEWVV. Same shift and reverse logic applied to PRADESH results in: VYBFJZN. The trick lies in incremental shifting and reversing the result.

The code is based on the position of each letter in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). AGRA = A(1), G(7), R(18), A(1) → 1-7-18-1. It follows the same encoding principle as used in LUCKNOW. No alteration, reverse, or shift is applied, only direct alphabetical positions.

The plan aligns with India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change and emphasizes adaptation in agriculture, energy efficiency, water conservation, and forest cover. It aims to enhance resilience and reduce emissions. It includes district-level climate strategies.

Bakhira is the largest natural floodplain wetland in eastern UP and hosts thousands of migratory birds. It has been declared a Ramsar site. It plays a vital role in groundwater recharge and biodiversity conservation.

Water ATMs were introduced in Noida to provide clean, affordable drinking water in urban areas. These machines purify and dispense water via smart cards. They help in reducing plastic bottle usage too.

UP is promoting solar energy through rooftop projects, solar parks, and grid connections. The state has high solar potential, especially in Bundelkhand and Purvanchal. Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) oversees these efforts.

UP receives an average of 1000 mm rainfall annually, mostly during the monsoon season (June–September). Eastern UP gets more rain than western parts. Irrigation systems are necessary due to uneven distribution.

This central act, implemented by the state, provides protection to wildlife, prohibits poaching, and sets up sanctuaries. Dudhwa, Hastinapur, and other sanctuaries operate under its provisions. It also regulates hunting and trade of species.

Banda district in Bundelkhand faces serious fluoride contamination leading to fluorosis and bone deformities. Lack of surface water and over-reliance on groundwater worsens the issue. Safe water projects are ongoing.

Bijnor became the first district to be declared ODF+ (Open Defecation Free plus), which includes sustained cleanliness and solid waste management. It signifies progress beyond just toilet access. Community participation played a big role.

Punjab and Haryana's stubble burning contributes to smog across western UP. The air becomes heavy with pollutants during winter. This leads to respiratory problems and poor AQI levels.

Noida has consistently improved its solid waste management, green cover, and sanitation under the Swachh Bharat Mission. The city adopted door-to-door waste collection and composting systems. It ranked among the top cleanest cities in India.

Black Zone areas suffer from high salt concentration in the soil, affecting fertility and crop productivity. Such areas are common in central UP. Soil reclamation and gypsum treatment are adopted solutions.

Funded by the Japanese government, the Yamuna Action Plan aims to improve water quality and restore the Yamuna’s ecology. It includes STPs, solid waste management, and afforestation. Agra and Mathura are focus areas in UP.

The Vindhya range in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur districts contains large limestone deposits. These are used for cement and construction industries. Mining has also caused deforestation and displacement in these areas.

According to the Forest Survey of India, UP contributes around 3.1% to the country’s total forest area. The state's forest cover is lower than the national average. Afforestation programs are underway to bridge the gap.

Located in Unnao district, this sanctuary is a major habitat for the Sarus crane. It attracts many migratory and resident birds. Wetland conservation is a key environmental priority here.

Sugarcane is a water-intensive crop, and its large-scale cultivation in western UP has led to significant groundwater depletion. Over-irrigation and subsidized electricity worsen the issue. Sustainable farming practices are being promoted.

Namami Gange is a central government program with focus areas in UP to clean the Ganga, especially in Varanasi, Kanpur, and Allahabad. It funds sewage treatment plants and riverfront beautification. It also emphasizes public awareness.

The National Chambal Sanctuary, part of which lies in UP, is home to critically endangered Gharials. It also supports dolphins, turtles, and migratory birds. It is a tri-state protected zone between UP, MP, and Rajasthan.

Firozabad, known for its glass bangles, discharges untreated industrial effluents into local water bodies. The Yamuna River is significantly impacted downstream. Efforts are being made to establish a common effluent treatment plant (CETP).

Almost the entire state of Uttar Pradesh lies in the Ganga Basin. This river system supports agriculture, industry, and over 200 million people. Floods and pollution are major environmental challenges.

Kanpur often ranks among the world’s most polluted cities due to industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, and brick kilns. The city exceeds PM2.5 and PM10 standards consistently. Pollution control boards and the NGT are actively monitoring this.

The Gomti River originates from Gomat Taal in Pilibhit district and flows through Lucknow. It is ecologically important but heavily polluted in urban stretches. Conservation efforts have been initiated under the Namami Gomti Project.