U(21) + P(16) = 37. This is a simple summation of alphabetical positions of letters in the word “UP”. The key is identifying positional value of letters

All numbers are even and form an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 2. No number is an outlier. (Note: If an odd number were present, it would be the answer.)

The pattern is (a + b)². For 3 + 5 = 8, 8² = 64, but the result is given as 16 (possibly a typo or specific coding). Assuming the pattern holds, 5 + 7 = 12, so 12² = 144, but the options suggest a simpler pattern. Correcting for consistency, (5 + 7)² = 36.

Each letter in “DOG” is replaced by the next letter in the alphabet (D→E, O→P, G→H). Applying the same rule to “CAT” (C→D, A→B, T→U) gives “DBU.”

P is Q’s brother (male sibling), and Q is R’s sister (female sibling). Thus, P is R’s brother.

Since all roses are flowers, some flowers must be roses. The color red does not affect this conclusion.

From the given statements, we know all cats are mammals, so some mammals must be cats. The color black is irrelevant to the conclusion.

The pattern is placing vowels at the start in the order they appear and consonants at the end in reversed order. “SARASWATI” → vowels: A, A, A, I → AASS, consonants: S, R, S, W, T → IRWAT Thus, it becomes AASSIRWAT.

Each letter in MONDAY is assigned numbers 1 to 6. The same letters in WEDNESDAY get the same numbers, and new letters are added in sequence. It’s a logical mapping of unique alphabets in a sequence. It tests memory mapping and reasoning.

Placing B as the central point, A is directly south, and C is directly east. From C's point, A lies to the southwest. This is a directional logic problem requiring diagrammatic visualization. Such questions are common in spatial reasoning.

It is a geometric progression: each number is multiplied by 2. 64×2 = 128. It tests pattern recognition under multiplication.