This act provides legal provisions for the functioning of Nagar Nigams and municipalities in UP. It outlines powers, responsibilities, taxation, and structure. It was amended in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment.

As per the 73rd Amendment and Panchayati Raj Act, Zila Panchayats have a fixed term of 5 years. They manage rural development at the district level. Members are elected through direct elections by voters.

The UP Lokayukta Act was enacted in 1973 to investigate corruption allegations against public servants and ministers. It functions independently of the government. The Lokayukta is appointed by the Governor in consultation with a committee.

Allahabad High Court is the highest judicial body in Uttar Pradesh and one of the oldest in India. It has a principal bench in Prayagraj and a permanent bench in Lucknow. It deals with constitutional and civil matters.

The Governor is the ex-officio authority of both houses and can summon, prorogue, or dissolve the Legislative Assembly. He addresses the joint session at the beginning of a new legislative year. He does not preside but has overriding constitutional powers.

Article 169 empowers Parliament to create or abolish the Legislative Council of a state by law. Uttar Pradesh is among the few states with a bicameral legislature. Any change requires a resolution passed by the state assembly.

Goods and Services Tax is a dual tax shared by Centre and State.

National database for unorganised workers for future benefits.

: Provides bank loans from ₹10 lakh to ₹1 crore for entrepreneurship.

PMAY aims to provide affordable housing to the urban and rural poor.

UP has a bicameral legislature; its upper house (Legislative Council) has a sanctioned strength of 100 members. Members are elected through various methods—MLAs, local authorities, teachers, graduates, and nominated. It functions as a revising chamber like the Rajya Sabha.

The Governor is appointed by the President under Article 155 of the Constitution. He acts as the constitutional head of the state. The appointment is generally based on advice from the Union Council of Ministers.

Uttar Pradesh sends 31 members to the Rajya Sabha, the highest among all Indian states. Rajya Sabha members are elected by MLAs through proportional representation. This reflects UP's large population and legislative size.

As per Article 173 of the Indian Constitution, the minimum age to become an MLA and thereby eligible for CM is 25. There is no separate provision for CM; he/she must be a member of the state legislature. Eligibility includes Indian citizenship and no disqualifications.

Govind Ballabh Pant served as the first CM of Uttar Pradesh from 1950 to 1954. He played a major role in shaping UP’s early administrative framework post-independence. Pant was also an active participant in India’s freedom movement.

The UP Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) has 403 elected members, making it the largest state assembly in India. It represents constituencies across the entire state. This number was fixed under the Delimitation Act, 2008.

A deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other. This creates a circular dependency, halting progress. Operating systems use algorithms to prevent or detect deadlocks.

von Neumann architecture stores both data and program instructions in the same memory. This design is simple but suffers from the "von Neumann bottleneck." It's used in most general-purpose computers.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to send emails from the client to the mail server or between servers. POP3 and IMAP are used for retrieving emails. SMTP typically works on port 25 or 587.

Shortest Job First (SJF) in its non-preemptive form executes the shortest job next without interruption. Unlike Round Robin or Priority, it doesn't allow switching between tasks once started. This algorithm reduces average waiting time but may cause starvation.

A majority of UP’s population still depends on agriculture for livelihood. This highlights the importance of agri-reforms and farm support policies. Diversification and mechanization are key for increasing rural incomes

After the introduction of GST, it has become the major source of revenue for UP. It covers taxes on goods and services sold within the state. UP also receives compensation and shares from the central pool.

The corridor aims to make UP a hub for defence production under the “Make in India” initiative. It spans districts like Aligarh, Jhansi, and Chitrakoot. It’s projected to attract ₹20,000 crore in investments.

Pulses dominate agriculture in the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, but frequent monsoon failure leads to economic distress. Low productivity and irrigation deficiency are major challenges. Government schemes now aim to provide crop insurance and micro-irrigation.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is operational in all UP districts. It guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households. The scheme is vital in addressing rural underemployment and poverty.

Moradabad is called the "Brass City of India" and exports brassware to Europe, USA, and the Gulf. It is a major contributor to the state's handicraft exports. The city benefits from ODOP and industrial cluster schemes.

Tube wells are the primary irrigation source in UP due to extensive groundwater availability. This method is used especially in the fertile western regions. However, overuse is leading to water table depletion