Punjab Horticulture Department was established in 1979 - 80. It is presently located in Muktsar Sahib. This department developed Aloo-Bukhara Amritsari, which is a new variety of plum that is more sweet than sour, has high nutritive content and is free from stone.

Gram is a rabi crop. It is sown during September-November and harvested in February. It is commonly known as chick pea or Bengal gram. Largest production of gram is in Moga.

Ranjit Sagar Dam is named after Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the renowned ruler of Punjab. This dam is located in a gorge section near village Thein of Jammu and Kashmir and as such it is known as Thein Dam

The Early Stone Age sites are found in the valley of river Soan or Sohan in Punjab (now in Pakistan).

The maximum production of rice is in Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Firozpur, Sangrur and Barnala district. Punjab has given the title of Rice Bowl of India.

Those forests which largely consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes, are known as unclassed forests.

Dry Deciduoud Scrub forests are mostly found in Kandi tract with predominant species like khair. Indian rosewood, silk cotton tree, amla, Indian ash tree, Indian mahogany, amaltas, etc.

Coniferous forests are found in the Shiwalik hills of the state where chir is the main species, along with amla, khair and some scattered trees of terminalias.

Dry Deciduoud Scrub forests are mostly found in Kandi tract with predominant species like khair. Indian rosewood, silk cotton tree, amla, Indian ash tree, Indian mahogany, amaltas, etc.

Balban appointed powerful and honest men like Sher Khan and Prince Muhammad as Governors of the Punjab.

Deimachus or Daimachus was a Greek of the Seleucid Empire, who lived during the third - century BCE. He became an ambassador to the court of the Mauryan ruler Bindusara "Amitragatha" (son of Chandragupta Maurya) in Pataliputra in India. Deimachus was sent by Antiochus I Soter.

The Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit - language play by Vishakhadatta that narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in India. The play is an example of creative writing, but not entirely fictional.

The Gupta Empire rose to power around 320 CE and its influence extended over a large portion of the Indian subcontinent, including Punjab. The Gupta period is known as the "Golden Age of India" because of its achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, literature, culture and mathematics. The Gupta Empire gradually declined starting in the late 5th century CE, eventually dissolving around 600 CE.

Pushyamitra Shunga or Pushpamitra Shunga was the founder and the first ruler of the Shunga Empire which he established to succeed the Maurya Empire.

The Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit - language play by Vishakhadatta that narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in India. The play is an example of creative writing, but not entirely fictional.

Palaeolithic Age (The Early Stone Age) sited are discovered at Daulatpur, Dher, Majra, Hoshiarpur, Dhang, Nalagarh, Pirthan, Khokhra-Ka-Choa, Rampura, Sirsa, Bhud and Dholbaha.

Main fruit crops of Punjab are kinnow (reddish orange), peach, pear and guava. Punjab topped all other states in India in the production of Kinnow.

The cotton crop in Punjab, grown from the Bt-cotton seed, have been affected by a pest known as the mearly bug and white flies.

Kahn Singh Nabha was a Punjabi Sikh scholar, writer, anthologist, lexicographer, and encyclopedist. His most influential work, Mahan Kosh, inspired generations of scholars after him. He also played a role in the Singh Sabha movement.