NTFS (New Technology File System) includes journaling, which helps in recovering data after a system crash. It logs changes before actually writing them to disk. FAT-based systems do not support journaling.

BCNF is an advanced version of the third normal form and is designed to eliminate redundancy caused by functional dependencies. A table is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key. It ensures better data integrity.

Shortest Job First (SJF) in its non-preemptive form executes the shortest job next without interruption. Unlike Round Robin or Priority, it doesn't allow switching between tasks once started. This algorithm reduces average waiting time but may cause starvation.

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a widely used public-key cryptographic algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers. Unlike symmetric algorithms like AES or DES, RSA uses separate keys for encryption and decryption. It ensures secure data transmission in networks.

The policy helps traditional exporters access subsidies, training, and market linkages. District Export Promotion Committees (DEPCs) are set up under this initiative. It complements ODOP and aims to boost foreign trade.

NABARD funds projects like rural roads, irrigation, storage, and watershed development. It also supports SHGs and microcredit institutions. In UP, NABARD plays a pivotal role in promoting rural livelihoods.

ODOP has encouraged local production while digital portals like Udyam have simplified MSME registration. These measures have enhanced formalization of businesses. UP accounts for nearly 14% of total MSMEs in India.

UP is India’s top milk-producing state, and improving native breeds is key to increasing yield. The program supports veterinary services, feed quality, and dairy infrastructure. Women SHGs are also involved in dairy entrepreneurship.

Lucknow’s central location and access to Purvanchal and Bundelkhand expressways make it ideal for logistics. Warehousing parks are being set up under PPP models. This is expected to generate large-scale employment.

The state has set an ambitious target to grow into a $1 trillion economy by 2030. It includes focus on infrastructure, manufacturing, tourism, and services. Key policy reforms and global investment will be essential.

A majority of UP’s population still depends on agriculture for livelihood. This highlights the importance of agri-reforms and farm support policies. Diversification and mechanization are key for increasing rural incomes

Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA) plans and oversees infrastructure and industrial development. It falls under the NCR planning zone. GNIDA provides land and incentives to attract industries.

The summit, held in Lucknow, is a flagship event to promote business opportunities and policy reforms. It has attracted MoUs worth over ₹4 lakh crore. It strengthens UP’s image as an investment-friendly state.

UP leads in the number of Jan Dhan accounts opened, indicating deep penetration of banking services. It helps ensure DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) of subsidies. The state has over 6 crore accounts under this scheme.

After the introduction of GST, it has become the major source of revenue for UP. It covers taxes on goods and services sold within the state. UP also receives compensation and shares from the central pool.

Disguised unemployment occurs when too many people are involved in agricultural activities with little or no contribution. It's common in UP’s villages where surplus labor exists. Land reforms and rural industry promotion aim to resolve this.

UP's urbanization level is lower than the national average, with only about 22% of people living in urban areas. This indicates scope for development in urban infrastructure and services. Migration to cities is increasing steadily.

The corridor aims to make UP a hub for defence production under the “Make in India” initiative. It spans districts like Aligarh, Jhansi, and Chitrakoot. It’s projected to attract ₹20,000 crore in investments.

As a major agrarian state, UP contributes nearly one-fifth of India's total food grain output. Wheat and rice are dominant crops. This makes UP crucial for national food security.

This scheme promotes traditional artisans and craftspeople (including women) by providing skill training and financial assistance. It boosts self-employment, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. Support is also extended for purchasing modern tools.

Clouded Leopard NP (5.08 km²) lies within Sepahijala WLS, established in 2007

Sanctuaries include Sepahijala, Trishna, Gumti, and Rowa

GIS cell supports geo-referencing and planning

Officials cited satellite limitations, misapplication of FRA, jhum, plantations, and resettlement

The state lost ~95.31 km², prompting ground surveys

A phased plan began in July, including an initial target of 5 lakh saplings

Six forest types are recognized, including Sal, evergreen, deciduous, savanna, and bamboo brakes

Bamboo brakes often follow jhum cultivation as secondary vegetation