Virtual memory allows a computer to compensate for shortages of physical memory by using disk space. This helps run larger applications by extending RAM virtually. It slows down performance compared to real RAM.

NAND (Not AND) returns false only if all inputs are true. It is considered a universal gate because all logical operations can be built using only NAND gates. It’s essential in hardware design.

A deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other. This creates a circular dependency, halting progress. Operating systems use algorithms to prevent or detect deadlocks.

UP leads in the number of Jan Dhan accounts opened, indicating deep penetration of banking services. It helps ensure DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer) of subsidies. The state has over 6 crore accounts under this scheme.

Uttar Pradesh has the second-largest GSDP in India after Maharashtra. Despite a lower per capita income, its massive population size drives the economic volume. UP’s GSDP crossed ₹20 lakh crore recently.

Kanpur is known as the "Manchester of the East" for its strong leather and textile industries. Its leather exports contribute significantly to UP’s foreign exchange earnings. The city also houses a major leather cluster supported by government initiatives.

Western UP, with fertile soil and good irrigation, is ideal for sugarcane cultivation. The region has the highest concentration of sugar mills in India. This crop is central to the rural economy and agro-industry in UP.

In recent years, the services sector, including trade, finance, education, and transport, has become the highest contributor to UP's GSDP. It reflects the state’s gradual shift from agriculture-based economy to a diversified one. This structural change indicates growing urbanization and development.

Baba Ram Chandra led the movement in Awadh against oppressive landlords and British policies.

Al-Biruni, who came with Mahmud of Ghazni, documented Indian culture and praised Varanasi's learning.

Built in 1784 during a famine, the Bara Imambara is an architectural marvel of the Nawabi era.

Govind Ballabh Pant became the first CM of Uttar Pradesh after India’s independence in 1947.

This battle between Muhammad Ghori and Jayachandra of Kannauj took place near the Yamuna, close to Agra.

Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman governor of the United Provinces in 1947.

This tomb, built by Nur Jahan for her father, is considered a draft version of the Taj Mahal.

The Allahabad High Court is one of the oldest high courts in India, established under the Indian High Courts Act.

Mathura is considered the birthplace and early home of Lord Krishna and an important site in Hindu mythology.

Haji Waris Ali Shah was a renowned 19th-century Sufi saint from Dewa Sharif in Barabanki, close to Amethi.

A hero of the Kakori conspiracy, Ashfaqulla Khan was executed in Gorakhpur.

Mihir Bhoja of the Pratihara dynasty ruled Kanauj and supported literature, temple building, and learning.

Mahmud of Ghazni conducted several raids into North India, including parts of western UP like Mathura.

Lucknow became the administrative capital of the United Provinces during British rule.

Agra Fort was constructed by Akbar in 1565 and later modified by Shah Jahan, showcasing Mughal architecture.

The Doab is a fertile tract of land between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers, historically significant for agriculture and settlements.

Sarnath is where Lord Buddha gave his first sermon after enlightenment, making it a key Buddhist pilgrimage site.

Pushyamitra Shunga, a Brahmin general, established the Shunga dynasty after assassinating the last Maurya ruler.

Jagdishpur, now in Bihar but close to UP, was the stronghold of 1857 freedom fighter Kunwar Singh.