Virtual memory allows a computer to compensate for shortages of physical memory by using disk space. This helps run larger applications by extending RAM virtually. It slows down performance compared to real RAM.

NAND (Not AND) returns false only if all inputs are true. It is considered a universal gate because all logical operations can be built using only NAND gates. It’s essential in hardware design.

A deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other. This creates a circular dependency, halting progress. Operating systems use algorithms to prevent or detect deadlocks.

Pascal is a procedural programming language and not designed for functional programming paradigms. In contrast, Haskell and Scala are purely or partly functional. Python supports functional features but isn’t a functional language by design.

von Neumann architecture stores both data and program instructions in the same memory. This design is simple but suffers from the "von Neumann bottleneck." It's used in most general-purpose computers.

JSON is a lightweight data interchange format based on JavaScript syntax. It's widely used in web APIs and data transmission. It is human-readable and easy to parse by machines.

Due to floating-point precision errors, 0.1 + 0.2 results in a value slightly more than 0.3. Thus, the equality test returns False. This is a classic floating-point arithmetic caveat in computing.

Rate Monotonic Scheduling is a priority-based real-time algorithm where shorter cycles get higher priority. It ensures predictable task execution. It's commonly used in embedded and control systems.

Big Data is defined by its high Volume (data size), Velocity (speed), Variety (types), and Veracity (uncertainty). These characteristics pose challenges for traditional data processing. The 4 Vs guide the design of scalable data systems.

The presentation layer manages data formatting, translation, encryption, and compression. It acts as a translator between the application and the lower layers. This layer ensures readable data formats between systems.

RAID is a method to combine multiple physical disks into one logical unit to increase performance or redundancy. Different RAID levels offer trade-offs between speed and fault tolerance. RAID is common in servers and critical storage systems.

Subtropical with heavy rainfall .

About 2.26% national forest cover .

The largest subterranean fish discovered

Around 300 species .

The only ape species in India

Causes acid mine drainage and dust

Dawki/Umngot River .

Home to tens of thousands of bats .

Krem Puri (~24 km)

Binary search divides the search space in half with each step, resulting in logarithmic time complexity. It requires the input to be sorted. This makes it faster than linear search for large datasets.

It is a limestone cave

Clouded leopard is the state animal

Known for rare birds and marine fossil-bearing limestone

Balpakram NP lies in South Garo Hills

Area conserved due to religious beliefs

Nepenthes khasiana occurs only in Meghalaya

The Japanese Miyawaki technique