The Treaty of Lahore, signed in 1846, ended the First Anglo-Sikh War and ceded parts of Punjab to the British, establishing their authority in the region.

Wholesalers act as intermediaries between producers and retailers.

Baba Farid, a renowned Chishti Sufi, established Pakpattan and shaped the region’s spiritual heritage; his verses appear in the Guru Granth Sahib.

Commerce bridges the gap between producers and consumers.

The Brahmin dynasty (c. 632–712), also called Chacha or Silaij dynasty, was a Sindhi Hindu dynasty that overthrew the Buddhist Rai dynasty in Sindh. Founded by Brahmin Chach of Aror, it ruled until the Umayyad Caliphate annexed Sindh in 712 after Raja Dahir’s defeat.

The dictionary order is: Agra, Allahabad, Amroha, Azamgarh. So, the second is Allahabad. It’s a straightforward but tricky alphabetical sequence test.

Each letter is replaced with its reverse alphabet value (A=Z, B=Y, C=X,...). R→I, A→Z, E→V, B→Y... etc. Using this transformation gives IZVYIZOVR. This is a complex letter-replacement reasoning type.

Lucknow, Kanpur, and Varanasi are cities in UP, while Yamuna is a river. It is the only non-urban entity among the options. Odd-one-out questions often use thematic categorization.

Vowels (A, E, U) → next alphabet = B, F, V. Consonants → previous alphabet (T→S, P→O, R→Q, etc.). After substitution, we get: VSSBQ QSBDEFT.

In a vertical mirror image, the order of letters reverses from left to right. So “LUCKNOW” becomes “WONKCUL”. It checks spatial reasoning and visualization.

This is a geometric progression with a common ratio of 3. Each term is the previous term multiplied by 3. 81×3 = 243. These patterns are typical in sequence and series problems.

V(22)+A(1)+R(18)+A(1)+N(14)+A(1)+S(19)+I(9) = 104. Each alphabet is converted to its positional number and summed. It’s an arithmetic-based coding pattern.

“My father's wife” = mother (assuming only one wife). Her only daughter = sister of the man. Her son = nephew of the man. But he says “only daughter of my father's wife” → the man is speaking about his own daughter → that child is his son. The relation traced confirms the person is the man's son.

Each letter is replaced by its alphabetical position: U(21), T(20), T(20), A(1), R(18), P(16), R(18), A(1), D(4), E(5), S(19), H(8). Combining gives the correct numerical sequence. This type checks sequential transformation from characters to numbers.

The pattern is: multiply previous term by 2 then subtract 1. 7×2–1 = 13, 13×2–1 = 25, 25×2–1 = 49, 49×2–1 = 97, 97×2–1 = 193. Thus, the missing number before 193 is 97.

P is R’s mother, Q is P’s brother → Q is R’s maternal uncle. T is Q’s father, so T is also P’s father, which makes T the grandfather of R. By tracing relations, T → P → R confirms T is a generation above R. This type of question tests family tree reasoning.

The code pattern adds 3 to the ASCII value of each character of the word. For example, A(65)+3 = D(68), L(76)+3 = O(79). This same rule applies to LUCKNOW → OXEKQVT. This type of question requires pattern recognition based on ASCII shifts.

If Kanpur lies 300 km east of Lucknow, and Varanasi is 200 km further east, then total linear eastward distance from Lucknow to Varanasi is 300 + 200 = 500 km. No angular or alternate path is involved, so the shortest path is the sum. This is a straightforward directional distance-based problem.

Each letter in UTTAR is shifted forward with increasing step sizes: U(+1)=V, T(+2)=V, T(+3)=W, A(+4)=E, R(+5)=W. Then reversed → WEWVV. Same shift and reverse logic applied to PRADESH results in: VYBFJZN. The trick lies in incremental shifting and reversing the result.

The code is based on the position of each letter in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). AGRA = A(1), G(7), R(18), A(1) → 1-7-18-1. It follows the same encoding principle as used in LUCKNOW. No alteration, reverse, or shift is applied, only direct alphabetical positions.

Water ATMs were introduced in Noida to provide clean, affordable drinking water in urban areas. These machines purify and dispense water via smart cards. They help in reducing plastic bottle usage too.

As per Article 243I, the State Finance Commission reviews financial positions of Panchayats and recommends resource allocation. It ensures fiscal devolution and autonomy at the local level. UP sets up a new commission every five years.

Direct tax is paid directly by individuals to the government.

Black money is earned through illegal or unreported means.

Goods and Services Tax is a dual tax shared by Centre and State.