CFCs, commonly found in refrigerants and aerosol sprays, break down ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere, creating holes in the ozone layer — especially over the Antarctic region.

Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake.

Kyoto Protocol (1997) was the first major global treaty to control GHG emissions.

The 3Rs aim to reduce environmental waste by promoting sustainable use.

The Wildlife Protection Act provides legal protection to many species in India.

Tigers are on the endangered species list due to poaching and habitat loss.

Project Tiger was launched to conserve Bengal Tigers and their habitats.

Pure rainwater is neutral (pH 7), but acid rain has lower pH due to pollution.

Drip irrigation saves water by delivering it directly to plant roots.

Sound intensity is measured in decibels (dB); >85 dB is harmful.

Incomplete combustion in engines releases toxic CO gas.

CO₂ traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

: Western Ghats is one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots.

: An electric motor uses electricity to create motion.

Matchsticks contain sulphur for ignition.

CO₂ reacts with limewater (calcium hydroxide) forming calcium carbonate.

WBCs are the immune cells that defend the body against infections.

The pattern is placing vowels at the start in the order they appear and consonants at the end in reversed order. “SARASWATI” → vowels: A, A, A, I → AASS, consonants: S, R, S, W, T → IRWAT Thus, it becomes AASSIRWAT.

It is a geometric progression: each number is multiplied by 2. 64×2 = 128. It tests pattern recognition under multiplication.

Commerce bridges the gap between producers and consumers.

Liability of members is limited to their shareholding.

An entrepreneur starts and runs a business, often with innovation and risk.

It is the simplest and oldest form, owned and controlled by one person.

Profit is the core objective for sustainability and growth in business.

Each letter is replaced with its reverse alphabet value (A=Z, B=Y, C=X,...). R→I, A→Z, E→V, B→Y... etc. Using this transformation gives IZVYIZOVR. This is a complex letter-replacement reasoning type.

Lucknow, Kanpur, and Varanasi are cities in UP, while Yamuna is a river. It is the only non-urban entity among the options. Odd-one-out questions often use thematic categorization.

Vowels (A, E, U) → next alphabet = B, F, V. Consonants → previous alphabet (T→S, P→O, R→Q, etc.). After substitution, we get: VSSBQ QSBDEFT.