The Yamuna River causes deep ravines and gullies in southwestern U.P., especially in Agra and Chambal regions. These eroded lands are agriculturally challenging.

Sarojini Babar was an influential politician and writer from Maharashtra and represented women’s voice in politics.

Originally known as Gheria, the fort was renamed 'Vijaydurg' by Shivaji Maharaj after conquering it, symbolizing victory.

Shivaji escaped from Agra by hiding in fruit baskets.

Hari Narayan Apte is known for pioneering Marathi novels.

Punjab Horticulture Department was established in 1979 - 80. It is presently located in Muktsar Sahib. This department developed Aloo-Bukhara Amritsari, which is a new variety of plum that is more sweet than sour, has high nutritive content and is free from stone.

Gram is a rabi crop. It is sown during September-November and harvested in February. It is commonly known as chick pea or Bengal gram. Largest production of gram is in Moga.

Ranjit Sagar Dam is named after Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the renowned ruler of Punjab. This dam is located in a gorge section near village Thein of Jammu and Kashmir and as such it is known as Thein Dam

The Early Stone Age sites are found in the valley of river Soan or Sohan in Punjab (now in Pakistan).

The maximum production of rice is in Kapurthala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Firozpur, Sangrur and Barnala district. Punjab has given the title of Rice Bowl of India.

Those forests which largely consists of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes, are known as unclassed forests.

Dry Deciduoud Scrub forests are mostly found in Kandi tract with predominant species like khair. Indian rosewood, silk cotton tree, amla, Indian ash tree, Indian mahogany, amaltas, etc.

West Bengal lies to the east of Bihar and affects its climate and monsoon patterns. Moist air from the Bay of Bengal brings rainfall. This influences agriculture and biodiversity.

Munger in Bihar has become a hub for Aloe Vera cultivation. This plant is used in cosmetics and herbal medicine. It grows well in dry, semi-arid climates.

Bihar experiences hot summers with temperatures often soaring up to 45°C. Heatwaves are common and affect public health. Proper hydration and shade become essential during this time.

The Gangetic Dolphin is India’s national aquatic animal and is endangered. It lives in freshwater rivers like the Ganga. Conservation in this sanctuary helps protect its population.

Located in Bhagalpur, this sanctuary protects the endangered Gangetic dolphin. It covers a stretch of the Ganga River. It is India's only dolphin sanctuary.

The Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar are rich in alluvial soil. This soil is highly fertile and supports major crops like rice and wheat. It is deposited by rivers such as the Ganga and Kosi.

The Kosi River is called the "Sorrow of Bihar" due to its frequent floods. It changes its course often, leading to widespread displacement and biodiversity loss. Its unpredictable behavior causes major ecological and social impacts.

The Tarai belt, located in the Himalayan foothills, has low elevation but dense vegetation. It is known for marshy land and high rainfall.

Bundelkhand lies on the northern fringe of the Vindhyan Plateau. It features rocky terrain, low rainfall, and mineral deposits.

Nawabganj Lake is a bird sanctuary near Unnao, U.P. It attracts migratory birds and supports wetland biodiversity.

Lucknow, the capital of Awadh, is famed for its Nawabi culture, cuisine, and Tehzeeb (etiquette). It was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh in the 18th–19th centuries.

Western U.P. is known for high sugarcane production due to fertile soil and irrigation. It supports a large number of sugar mills in the region

The Gomti originates from the Terai region in U.P., not from the Himalayas. The others have their sources in Himalayan glaciers.

U.P. has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers, cold winters, and monsoon rainfall. It varies slightly from the Tarai region to Bundelkhand.

The Yamuna River separates western U.P. from Haryana. It plays a crucial role in defining political and administrative boundaries.

Uttar Pradesh has around 14% forest cover, mostly in the southern and Himalayan foothill districts. It includes reserved and protected forests.