Located in Unnao district, this sanctuary is a major habitat for the Sarus crane. It attracts many migratory and resident birds. Wetland conservation is a key environmental priority here.

Sugarcane is a water-intensive crop, and its large-scale cultivation in western UP has led to significant groundwater depletion. Over-irrigation and subsidized electricity worsen the issue. Sustainable farming practices are being promoted.

Namami Gange is a central government program with focus areas in UP to clean the Ganga, especially in Varanasi, Kanpur, and Allahabad. It funds sewage treatment plants and riverfront beautification. It also emphasizes public awareness.

The National Chambal Sanctuary, part of which lies in UP, is home to critically endangered Gharials. It also supports dolphins, turtles, and migratory birds. It is a tri-state protected zone between UP, MP, and Rajasthan.

Firozabad, known for its glass bangles, discharges untreated industrial effluents into local water bodies. The Yamuna River is significantly impacted downstream. Efforts are being made to establish a common effluent treatment plant (CETP).

Almost the entire state of Uttar Pradesh lies in the Ganga Basin. This river system supports agriculture, industry, and over 200 million people. Floods and pollution are major environmental challenges.

Kanpur often ranks among the world’s most polluted cities due to industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, and brick kilns. The city exceeds PM2.5 and PM10 standards consistently. Pollution control boards and the NGT are actively monitoring this.

The Gomti River originates from Gomat Taal in Pilibhit district and flows through Lucknow. It is ecologically important but heavily polluted in urban stretches. Conservation efforts have been initiated under the Namami Gomti Project.

Dudhwa National Park in Lakhimpur Kheri is part of the Terai Arc and is home to tigers, rhinos, and elephants. It is a critical part of India’s Project Tiger and Project Elephant. It is also rich in wetlands and grasslands.

The Terai belt, adjacent to the Himalayan foothills, has tropical moist deciduous forests rich in biodiversity. This region receives high rainfall and has fertile soil. Sal, teak, and bamboo are commonly found.