Nagaland’s rivers and topography make hydropower a viable renewable energy option.

Deforestation due to jhum cultivation is a key focus of environmental studies in Nagaland.

Nagaland’s forests act as carbon sinks, producing oxygen and aiding climate change research.

Nagaland’s diverse butterfly species are studied for their pollination roles and as indicators of forest health.

Originally a reserved forest, it was declared a national park in 1993 to protect Nagaland’s unique wildlife.

Known as “Sarpagandha,” this plant is used in traditional Naga medicine and studied for its antihypertensive properties.

Nagaland’s tropical and subtropical evergreen forests, including bamboo and rattan, are critical for biodiversity conservation.

The Hoolock Gibbon, Nagaland’s only ape species, is studied for its role in seed dispersal and forest ecosystem health.

In 1993, the tallest Rhododendron tree was recorded at Mount Japfu, showcasing Nagaland’s unique botanical diversity.

Mrs. Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) is studied for its habitat preferences and conservation needs in Nagaland’s forests.

Located in Peren district, Ntangki National Park is a biodiversity hotspot protecting species like Blyth’s Tragopan, a pheasant native to Nagaland’s forests.

The plan aligns with India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change and emphasizes adaptation in agriculture, energy efficiency, water conservation, and forest cover. It aims to enhance resilience and reduce emissions. It includes district-level climate strategies.

Bakhira is the largest natural floodplain wetland in eastern UP and hosts thousands of migratory birds. It has been declared a Ramsar site. It plays a vital role in groundwater recharge and biodiversity conservation.

Water ATMs were introduced in Noida to provide clean, affordable drinking water in urban areas. These machines purify and dispense water via smart cards. They help in reducing plastic bottle usage too.

UP is promoting solar energy through rooftop projects, solar parks, and grid connections. The state has high solar potential, especially in Bundelkhand and Purvanchal. Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA) oversees these efforts.

UP receives an average of 1000 mm rainfall annually, mostly during the monsoon season (June–September). Eastern UP gets more rain than western parts. Irrigation systems are necessary due to uneven distribution.

This central act, implemented by the state, provides protection to wildlife, prohibits poaching, and sets up sanctuaries. Dudhwa, Hastinapur, and other sanctuaries operate under its provisions. It also regulates hunting and trade of species.

Banda district in Bundelkhand faces serious fluoride contamination leading to fluorosis and bone deformities. Lack of surface water and over-reliance on groundwater worsens the issue. Safe water projects are ongoing.

Bijnor became the first district to be declared ODF+ (Open Defecation Free plus), which includes sustained cleanliness and solid waste management. It signifies progress beyond just toilet access. Community participation played a big role.

Punjab and Haryana's stubble burning contributes to smog across western UP. The air becomes heavy with pollutants during winter. This leads to respiratory problems and poor AQI levels.

Noida has consistently improved its solid waste management, green cover, and sanitation under the Swachh Bharat Mission. The city adopted door-to-door waste collection and composting systems. It ranked among the top cleanest cities in India.

Black Zone areas suffer from high salt concentration in the soil, affecting fertility and crop productivity. Such areas are common in central UP. Soil reclamation and gypsum treatment are adopted solutions.

Funded by the Japanese government, the Yamuna Action Plan aims to improve water quality and restore the Yamuna’s ecology. It includes STPs, solid waste management, and afforestation. Agra and Mathura are focus areas in UP.

The Vindhya range in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur districts contains large limestone deposits. These are used for cement and construction industries. Mining has also caused deforestation and displacement in these areas.

According to the Forest Survey of India, UP contributes around 3.1% to the country’s total forest area. The state's forest cover is lower than the national average. Afforestation programs are underway to bridge the gap.